Surface parking stretches halfway to the horizon in the heart of downtown Wichita, Kansas. Image: Wichita Walkshop via Flickr.If you haven't checked out the ITDP parking report we covered yesterday, it's a highly readable piece of research, walking you through parking policy's checkered past and potentially brighter future.
In
addition to describing six cases of innovative parking strategies, the
authors draw from a wide-ranging body of evidence about the woeful
state of most current parking policy, marshaling revealing facts and
figures. We culled some of the ones that leap out the most. Enjoy:
- Ninety-nine percent of U.S. car trips begin and end in a free parking space.
- The average automobile is parked 95 percent of the time.
- Although
many businesses today believe they benefit from free parking, curbside
parking meters were actually introduced in 1935 by an Oklahoma City
department store owner. He wanted to increase parking turnover so that
there would always be spaces available for his customers. - Conventional
parking policy counsels providing enough spots to handle car storage on
the 30th busiest hour of the entire year, usually the weekend before
Christmas. That means intentionally planning for an oversupply of
parking the other 8,730 hours of the year. - At free parking spaces, 40 to 60 percent of vehicles overstay posted time limits.
- Parking typically represents a full 10 percent of development costs.
What's more, the people who actually park only pay 5 percent of the cost of non-residential parking,
meaning that public subsidies and developer capital pay for the rest. - In
San
Francisco, parking requirements have reduced the number of affordable
housing units nonprofit developers can build by 20 percent,
with each residence costing 20 percent more to build than it would have
without parking. - Seventy percent of Southern California suburban office developments built exactly
the number of parking spaces required by law, suggesting that parking
minimums are forcing developers to build more parking than they want
to. - How
much space does parking eat up? Office space typically requires 175 to
250 square feet per person. In comparison, curbside parking requires
200 square feet per vehicle, and garages require 300 to 350 square feet
per vehicle. - Even in the Park Smart pilot areas of
Greenwich Village, where peak hour meter rates have been raised,
on-street parking still costs $12 per hour less than off-street
parking. At that rate, cruising for 15 minutes to find an on-street
space pays off at the equivalent of a $100,000 annual salary. - NYC has 32 fewer meters per capita than Chicago.
- Only
two major U.S. cities, Houston and Chicago, are adding more metered
parking. In Houston's case, they are more than doubling their metered
spaces in coordination with the city's light rail project.
